Imaging Biomarkers in Schizophrenia Literature Review

O Agid, D Mamo, N Ginovart, I Vitcu, AA Wilson, RB Zipursky, S Kapur. Striatal Vs Extrastriatal Dopamine D2 Receptors in Antipsychotic Response-A Double-Blind PET Study in Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2007) 32, 1209–1215.
Article: http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v32/n6/full/1301242a.html

O Agid, D Mamo, N Ginovart, I Vitcu, AA Wilson, RB Zipursky, S Kapur. Striatal Vs Extrastriatal Dopamine D2 Receptors in Antipsychotic Response-A Double-Blind PET Study in Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2007) 32, 1209–1215.
Article: http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v32/n6/full/1301242a.html

George Bartzokis, Po H. Lu, Stephanie B. Stewart, Bolanle Oluwadara, Andrew J. Lucas, Joanna Pantages, Erika Pratt, Jonathan E. Sherin, Lori L. Altshuler, Jim Mintz, Michael J. Gitlin, Kenneth L. Subotnik, and Keith H. Nuechterlein. In vivo evidence of differential impact of typical and atypical antipsychotics on intracortical myelin in adults with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2009 Sep;113(2-3):322-31. Epub 2009 Jul 17.
Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862048/?tool=pubmed/
Schizophrenia, second generation antipsychotic medication, atypical, intracortical myelin, white matter, gray matter, oligodendrocyte, trajectory, development, lipid, age, prevention

George Bartzokis, Po H. Lu, Chetan P. Amar, Erika P. Raven, Nicole R. Detore, Lori L. Altshuler, Jim Mintz, Joseph Ventura, Laurie R. Casaus, John S. Luo, Kenneth L. Subotnik, Keith H. Nuechterlein. Long acting injection versus oral risperidone in first-episode schizophrenia: Differential impact on white matter myelination trajectory. Schizophr Res. 2011 Jul 16. [Epub ahead of print].
Article: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996411003665/
Antipsychotic; Medication; Dopamine; Second generation; Atypical; Myelin; White matter; Gray matter; Oligodendrocyte; Development; Aging

Beng-Choon Ho, Nancy C. Andreasen, Steven Ziebell, Ronald Pierson, Vincent Magnotta. Long-term Antipsychotic Treatment and Brain Volumes. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011 Feb;68(2):128-37.
Article: http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.4.1b/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=fulltext&D=ovft&AN=00000756-201102000-00005&NEWS=N&CSC=Y&CHANNEL=PubMed/

Giuseppe Blasi, Teresa Popolizio, Paolo Taurisano, Grazia Caforio, Raffaella Romano, Annabella Di Giorgio, Fabio Sambataro, Valeria Rubino, Valeria Latorre, Luciana Lo Bianco, Leonardo Fazio, Marcello Nardini, Daniel R. Weinberger, and Alessandro Bertolinoa. Changes in prefrontal and amygdala activity during olanzapine treatment in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2009 July 15; 173(1): 31–38.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736305/?tool=pubmed
Amygdala, Antipsychotic drugs, Emotions, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Schizophrenia

CDER & CBER of FDA. Guidance for Industry E16 Biomarkers Related to Drug or Biotechnology Product Development: Context, Structure, and Format of Qualification SubmissionsArticle: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM267449.pdf
FDA, industry guidance, biomarkers, drug development, biologics development, biomarker qualification

Benedicto Crespo-Facorroa, Roberto Roiz-Santiáñeza, Rocío Pérez-Iglesiasa, José M. Pelayo-Terána, José M. Rodríguez-Sáncheza, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérreza, MariLuz Ramíreza, Obdulia Martíneza, Agustin Gutiérrezb, Enrique Marco de Lucasb and José L. Vázquez-Barqueroa. Effect of antipsychotic drugs on brain morphometry: A randomized controlled one-year follow-up study of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Dec 12;32(8):1936-43. Epub 2008 Oct 7.
Article: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278584608002935
Antipsychotic drugs; First episode psychosis; Structural neuroimaging

C. Ervin Davis, Dilip V. Jeste and Lisa T. Eylera. Review of longitudinal functional neuroimaging studies of drug treatments in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2005 Oct 1;78(1):45-60.
Article: http://www.schres-journal.com/article/S0920-9964%2805%2900199-4/abstract
Functional neuroimaging, Longitudinal studies, Schizophrenia, Drug treatments

R de Greef, A Maloney, P Olsson-Gisleskog, J Schoemaker, J Panagides. Dopamine D2 Occupancy as a Biomarker for Antipsychotics: Quantifyingthe Relationship with Efficacy and Extrapyramidal Symptoms. The AAPS Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2011 (# 2010).
Article: http://www.pharmagateway.net/ArticlePage.aspx?DOI=10.1208/s12248-010-9247-4

L de Haan, M van Bruggen, J Lavalaye, J Booij, P Dingemans, D Linszen. Subjective Experience and D2 Receptor Occupancy in Patients With Recent-Onset Schizophrenia Treated With Low-Dose Olanzapine or Haloperidol: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160:303–309.
Article: http://www.cnsforum.com/commenteditem/444615d2-2d2e-4da8-81ba-d4b3e7fed615/default.aspx

Ebdrup BH, Skimminge A, Rasmussen H, Aggernaes B, Oranje B, Lublin H, Baaré W, Glenthøj B. Progressive striatal and hippocampal volume loss in initially antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with quetiapine: relationship to dose and symptoms. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011 Feb;14(1):69-82. Epub 2010 Aug 12.
Article: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7928650
Brain imaging (MRI), hippocampus, psychopathology, schizophrenia, second-generation, antipsychotic (SGA), striatum

H Ehrenreich, D Degner, J Meller, M Brines, M Be´he´, M Hasselblatt, H Woldt, P Falkai, F Knerlich, S Jacob, N von Ahsen, W Maier, W Bruck, E Ruther, A Cerami, W Becker, and A-L Siren. Erythropoietin: a candidate compound for neuroprotection in schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry (2004) 9, 42–54.
Article: http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v9/n1/full/4001442a.html

A Ertugrula, B Volkan-Salancib, K Basara, K Karli Oguzc, B Demira, E Lay Ergunb, S Senturkc, B Erbasb, A Cilac, B Uluga. The effect of clozapine on regional cerebral blood flow and brain metabolite ratios in schizophrenia: Relationship with treatment response. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 174 (2009) 121–129
Article: http://www.psyn-journal.com/article/S0925-4927(09)00107-3/abstract

Fahim C, Stip E, Mancini-Marie A, Gendron A, Mensour B, Beauregard M. Differential hemodynamic brain activity in schizophrenia patients with blunted affect during quetiapine treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;25(4):367-71.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16012281

Foong J, Maier M, Clark CA, Barker GJ, Miller DH, Ron MA. Neuropathological abnormalities of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor imaging study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Feb;68(2):242-4.
Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1736778/?tool=pubmed
DTI, schizophrenia, corpus callosum

Friedman JI, Tang C, Carpenter D, Buchsbaum M, Schmeidler J, Flanagan L, Golembo S, Kanellopoulou I, Ng J, Hof PR, Harvey PD, Tsopelas ND, Stewart D, Davis KL. Diffusion tensor imaging findings in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia patients. Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Aug;165(8):1024-32. 
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/165/8/1024
DTI, schizophrenia, chronic

P Fusar-Polia, J Perez, M Broome, S Borgwardt, A Placentino, E Caverzasi, M Cortesi, P Veggiotti, P Politia, F Barale, P McGuire. Neurofunctional correlates of vulnerability to psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 31 (2007) 465–484
Article: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763406001345

Garver DL, Holcomb JA, Christensen JD. Compromised myelin integrity during psychosis with repair during remission in drug-responding schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008 Feb;11(1):49-61. 
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17708778
DTI, schizophrenia, drug response

Honey GD, Bullmore ET, Soni W, Varatheesan M, Williams SC, Sharma T. Differences in frontal cortical activation by a working memory task after substitution of risperidone for typical antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(23):13432-7.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10557338

G Gründer, C Fellows, H Janouschek,T Veselinovic, C Boy, A Bröcheler, KM Kirschbaum, S Hellmann, KM Spreckelmeyer, C Hiemke, F Rösch, WM Schaefer, I Vernaleken. Brain and Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Aripiprazole in Patients With Schizophrenia: An [18F]Fallypride PET Study. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165:988–995.
Article; http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/165/8/988

Hill K, Mann L, Laws KR, Stephenson CME, Nimmo-Smith I, McKenna PJ. Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis offunctional imaging studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004: 110: 243–256.
Article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00376.x/abstract;jsessionid=82408A427E80A27C495D7894D4834D5A.d03t03

Y Hodé, M Reimold, A Demazières, G Reischl, F Bayle, P Nuss, A Hameg, M Dib, J.P Macher. A positron emission tomography (PET) study of cerebral dopamine D2 and serotonine 5-HT2A receptor occupancy in patients treated with cyamemazine (Tercian). Psychopharmacology (2005) 180: 377–384. 
Article: http://www.springerlink.com/content/ql40q3358170lw4l/

Kanaan R, Barker G, Brammer M, Giampietro V, Shergill S, Woolley J, Picchioni M, Toulopoulou T, McGuire P. White matter microstructure in schizophrenia: effects of disorder, duration and medication. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Mar;194(3):236-42.
Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2802507/?tool=pubmed
DTI, schizophrenia, medication

S Kapur, G Remington, C Jones, A Wilson, J DaSilva, S Houle, R Zipursky. High Levels of Dopamine D2 Receptor Occupancy With Low-Dose Haloperidol Treatment: A PET Study. Am J Psychiatry 153:7, July 1996.
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/153/7/948

S Kapur, R Zipursky, C Jones, G Remington, S Houle. Relationship Between Dopamine D2 Occupancy, Clinical Response, and Side Effects: A Double-Blind PET Study of First-Episode Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:514–520.
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/157/4/514

S Kapur, R Zipursky, C Jones, CS Shammi, G Remington, P Seeman. A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Quetiapine in Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Finding of an Antipsychotic Effect With Only Transiently High Dopamine D2 Receptor Occupancy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:553-559. 
Article: http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/57/6/553

S Kapur, R Zipursky, G Remington. Clinical and Theoretical Implications of 5-HT2 and D2 Receptor Occupancy of Clozapine,Risperidone, and Olanzapine in Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 156:2, February 1999.
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/156/2/286

S Kapur, R Zipursky, G Remington, C Jones, J DaSilva,  AA Wilson, S Houle. 5-HT2 and D2 Receptor Occupancy of Olanzapine in Schizophrenia: A PET Investigation. Am J Psychiatry 155:7, July 1998.
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/155/7/921

S Kapur, R Zipursky, P Roy, C Jones, G Remington, K Reed, S Houle. The relationship between D2 receptor occupancy and plasma levels on low dose oral haloperidol: a PET study. Psychopharmacology (1997) 131:148-152.
Article: http://www.springerlink.com/content/t3rhab14hfcy67ht/

Keedy SK, Rosen C, Khine T, Rajarethinam R, Janicak PG, Sweeney JA. An fMRI study of visual attention and sensorimotor function before and after antipsychotic treatment in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2009;172(1):16-23.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19243925

LS Kegeles, Slifstein, WG Frankle, X Xu, El Hackett, S Bae, R Gonzales, J Kim, B Alvarez, R Gil, M Laruelle,  A Abi-Dargham. Dose–Occupancy Study of Striatal and Extrastriatal Dopamine D2 Receptors by Aripiprazole in Schizophrenia with PET and [18F]Fallypride. Neuropsychopharmacology (2008) 33, 3111–3125.
Article: http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v33/n13/full/npp200833a.html

J Kim, Y Son, H Kim, S Lee, S Cho, Y Kim, Z Cho. Antipsychotic-Associated Mental Side Effects and Their Relationship to Dopamine D2 Receptor Occupancyin Striatal Subdivisions: A High-Resolution PET Study With [11C]Raclopride. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology & Volume 31, Number 4, August 2011
Article: http://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/Abstract/2011/08000/Antipsychotic_Associated_Mental_Side_Effects_and.16.aspx

AC Lahti, MA Weiler, HH Holcomb, CA Tamminga and KL Cropsey. Modulation of limbic circuitry predicts treatment response to antipsychotic medication: a functional imaging study in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Dec;34(13):2675-90. Epub 2009 Aug 12.
Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784027/Schizophrenia, PET, rCBF, haloperidol, olanzapine

Lang DJ, Kopala LC, Vandorpe RA, Rui Q, Smith GN, Goghari VM, Honer WG. An MRI study of basal ganglia volumes in first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone. Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Apr;158(4):625-31.
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/158/4/625

Lieberman JA, Tollefson GD, Charles C, Zipursky R, Sharma T, Kahn RS, Keefe RS, Green AI, Gur RE, McEvoy J, Perkins D, Hamer RM, Gu H, Tohen M; HGDH Study Group. Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;62(4):361-70.
Article: http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/62/4/361

D Mamo, A Graff, R Mizrahi, C Shammi, F Romeyer, S Kapur. Differential Effects of Aripiprazole on D2, 5-HT2, and 5-HT1A Receptor Occupancy in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Triple Tracer PET Study. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164:1411–1417.
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/ajp;164/9/1411 

D Mamo, S Kapur, M Keshavan, M Laruelle, C Taylor, P Kothare, P Barsoum, D McDonnell. D2 Receptor Occupancy of Olanzapine Pamoate Depot UsingPositron Emission Tomography: An Open-label Study in Patients with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2008) 33, 298–304.
Article: http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v33/n2/full/1301409a.html

D Mamo, S Kapur, CM Shammi, G Papatheodorou, S Mann, F Therrien, G Remington. A PET Study of Dopamine D2 and Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Occupancy in Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Therapeutic Doses of Ziprasidone. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161:818–825.
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/161/5/818

Massana G, Salgado-Pineda P, Junqué C, Pérez M, Baeza I, Pons A, Massana J, Navarro V, Blanch J, Morer A, Mercader JM, Bernardo M. Volume changes in gray matter in first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Apr;25(2):111-7.
Article: http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.4.1b/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=fulltext&D=ovft&AN=00004714-200504000-00002&NEWS=N&CSC=Y&CHANNEL=PubMed 

J Mateos, F Lomeña, E Parellada, F Mireia, E Fernandez-Egea, J Pavia, A Prats, F Pons, M Bernardo. Lower striatal dopamine transporter binding in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients is not related to antipsychotic treatment but it suggests an illness trait. Psychopharmacology (2007) 191:805–811
Article: http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18710281

P McGuire, O Howes, J Stone, P Fusar-Poli. Functional neuroimaging in schizophrenia: diagnosis and drug discovery. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences Vol.29 No.2
Article: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165614707002866

Meisenzahl EM, Scheuerecker J, Zipse M, Ufer S, Wiesmann M, Frodl T, Koutsouleris N, Zetzsche T, Schmitt G, Riedel M, Spellmann I, Dehning S, Linn J, Bruckmann H, Moller HJ. Effects of treatment with the atypical neuroleptic quetiapine on working memory function: a functional MRI follow-up investigation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;256(8):522-31.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17151834

E Meisenzahl, G Schmitt, G Gründer, S Dresel, T Frodl, C la Fougère , J Scheuerecker, M Schwarz, R Boerner, J Stauss, K Hahn, H Möller. Striatal D2/ D3 Receptor Occupancy, Clinical Response and Side Effects with Amisulpride: An Iodine-123-Iodobenzamide SPET Study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2008; 41: 169– 175
Article: https://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-2008-1076727

Mitelman SA, Nikiforova YK, Canfield EL, Hazlett EA, Brickman AM, Shihabuddin L, Buchsbaum MS. A longitudinal study of the corpus callosum in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2009 Oct;114(1-3):144-53. 
Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763416/?tool=pubmed
DTI, schizophrenia, longitudinal, corpus callosum

Mori T, Ohnishi T, Hashimoto R, Nemoto K, Moriguchi Y, Noguchi H, Nakabayashi T, Hori H, Harada S, Saitoh O, Matsuda H, Kunugi H. Progressive changes of white matter integrity in schizophrenia revealed by diffusion tensor imaging. Psychiatry Res. 2007 Feb 28;154(2):133-45. 
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 7276660
DTI, schizophrenia

Nahas Z, George MS, Horner MD, Markowitz JS, Li X, Lorberbaum JP, Owens SD, McGurk S, DeVane L, Risch SC. Augmenting atypical antipsychotics with a cognitive enhancer (donepezil) improves regional brain activity in schizophrenia patients: a pilot double-blind placebo controlled BOLD fMRI study. Neurocase. 2003;9(3):274-82.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12925933

John-Paul Nicolo, Gregor E. Berger, Belinda A. Garner, Dennis Velakoulis, Connie Markulev, Melissa Kerr, Patrick D. McGorry, Tina-Marie Proffitt, Mirabel McConchie, Christos Pantelis, Stephen J. Wood. The effect of atypical antipsychotics on pituitary gland volume in patients with first-episode psychosis: A longitudinal MRI study.
Article: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996409004927
Pituitary, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotics. First-episode psychosis, Stress

M Nord, L Farde. Antipsychotic Occupancy of Dopamine Receptors in Schizophrenia. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 17 (2011) 97–103.
Article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00222.x/full

Okugawa G, Nobuhara K, Minami T, Tamagaki C, Takase K, Sugimoto T, Sawada S, Kinoshita T. Subtle disruption of the middle cerebellar peduncles in patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology. 2004;50(2):119-23.
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 15292664
DTI, schizophrenia, cerebellar

F Paquet, JP Soucy, E Stip, M Levesque, A Elie, M Bedard. Comparison Between Olanzapine and Haloperidol on Procedural Learning and the Relationship With Striatal D2 Receptor Occupancy in Schizophrenia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 16:1, Winter 2004
Article: http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/16/1/47

G Remington, D Mamo, A Labelle, J Reiss, C Shammi, E Mannaert, S Mann, S Kapur. A PET Study Evaluating Dopamine D2 ReceptorOccupancy for Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163:396–401.
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/163/3/396

Christian H. Röder, Janna Marie Hoogendam, and Frederik M. van der Veen. FMRI, Antipsychotics and Schizophrenia. Influence of Different Antipsychotics on BOLD-Signal. Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16(18):2012-25
Article: http://www.benthamdirect.org/pages/content.php?CPD/2010/00000016/00000018/0005B.SGM
Schizophrenia, FMRI, antipsychotics, BOLD, review, dopamine receptor

Schlagenhauf F, Dinges M, Beck A, Wustenberg T, Friedel E, Dembler T, Sarkar R, Wrase J, Gallinat J, Juckel G, Heinz A. Switching schizophrenia patients from typical neuroleptics to aripiprazole: effects on working memory dependent functional activation. Schizophr Res. 2008;118(1-3):189-200.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20189356

Schlagenhauf F, Juckel G, Koslowski M, Kahnt T, Knutson B, Dembler T, Kienast T, Gallinat J, Wrase J, Heinz A. Reward system activation in schizophrenic patients switched from typical neuroleptics to olanzapine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008;196(4):673-84.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18097655

Snitz BE, MacDonald A, 3rd, Cohen JD, Cho RY, Becker T, Carter CS. Lateral and medial hypofrontality in first-episode schizophrenia: functional activity in a medication-naive state and effects of short-term atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(12):2322-9.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16330597

Stephan KE, Magnotta VA, White T, Arndt S, Flaum M, O’Leary DS, Andreasen NC. Effects of olanzapine on cerebellar functional connectivity in schizophrenia measured by fMRI during a simple motor task. Psychol Med. 2001;31(6):1065-78.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11513374

Stip E, Fahim C, Mancini-Marie A, Bentaleb LA, Mensour B, Mendrek A, Beauregard M. Restoration of frontal activation during a treatment with quetiapine: an fMRI study of blunted affect in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005;29(1):21-6.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15610941

J Stone, J Davis, S Leucht, and L Pilowsky. Cortical Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors Are a Common Site of Action for Antipsychotic Drugs—An Original Patient Data Meta-analysis of the SPECT and PET In Vivo Receptor Imaging Literature. Schizophrenia Bulletin vol. 35 no. 4 pp. 789–797, 2009.
Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696370/

Surguladze SA, Chu EM, Evans A, Anilkumar AP, Patel MX, Timehin C, David AS. The effect of long-acting risperidone on working memory in schizophrenia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;27(6):560-70.Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18004121

Szeszko PR, Ardekani BA, Ashtari M, Kumra S, Robinson DG, Sevy S, Gunduz-Bruce H, Malhotra AK, Kane JM, Bilder RM, Lim KO. White matter abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;162(3):602-5.
Article: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15741480
Diffusion tensor imaging, white matter, schizophrenia, first-episode

Szeszko PR, Robinson DG, Ashtari M, Vogel J, Betensky J, Sevy S, Ardekani BA, Lencz T, Malhotra AK, McCormack J, Miller R, Lim KO, Gunduz-Bruce H, Kane JM, Bilder RM. Clinical and neuropsychological correlates of white matter abnormalities in recent onset schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Apr;33(5):976-84. 
Article: http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v33/n5/full/1301480a.html
DTI, schizophrenia, white matter, neuropsychological

Tauscher-Wisniewski S, Kapur S, Tauscher J, Jones C, Daskalakis ZJ, Papatheodorou G, Epstein I, Christensen BK, Zipursky RB. Quetiapine: an effective antipsychotic in first-episode schizophrenia despite only transiently high dopamine-2 receptor blockade. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;63(11):992-7.
Article: http://www.psychiatrist.com/abstracts/abstracts.asp?abstract=200211/110205.htm

J Thompson, N Urban,  A Abi-Dargham. How have developments in molecular imaging techniques furthered schizophrenia research? Imaging Med. 2009 December 1; 1(2): 135–153.
Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020795/

H Uchida, H Takeuchi, A Graff-Guerrero, T Suzuki, KWatanabe, D Mamo. Dopamine D2 Receptor Occupancy and Clinical Effects: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis. Clin Psychopharmacol 2011;31: 497Y502).
Article: http://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/Abstract/2011/08000/Dopamine_D2_Receptor_Occupancy_and_Clinical.14.aspx

H Uchida, H Takeuchi, A Graff-Guerrero, T Suzuki, K Watanabe, D Mamo. Predicting Dopamine D2 Receptor Occupancy From Plasma Levels of Antipsychotic Drugs: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology & Volume 31, Number 3, June 2011
Article: http://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/Abstract/2011/06000/Predicting_Dopamine_D2_Receptor_Occupancy_From.9.aspx

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